Basic Sciences

VDRL: Causes of chronic biological false positive reactions

Submitted by neema_neetha on Sat, 28/02/2009 - 17:34
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' SLIM  He-ART '

  • SLE - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
  • Lepromatous leprosy
  • IMN - Infectious Mononucleosis
  • Malaria
  • Hepatitis
  • Autoimmune diseases
  • Relapsing fever
  • Tropical eosinophilia

In VDRL, serum from the suspect is mixed with the cardiolipin antigen on special slide and rotated for 4 minutes. The cardioloipin antigen remains as uniform crystals if the serum is normal and will form clumps in positive serum (due to reaction with the antibody present in positive sera). As cardiolipin antigen is present both in Treponema pallidum and mammalian tissues, antibodies can be induced by both which accounts for Biological False positive reactions (BFPs) and forms the major disadvantage of this test.
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Sensitivity & specificity of tests

Submitted by kmprajeesh on Sat, 28/02/2009 - 17:00
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' NNN '

  • Highly seNsitive tests have No false Negatives
  • And highly sPecific tests have no false Positives

Sensitivity of a test is it's ability to correctly detect all those who have the disease, ie., 'true positives'  and specificity is the ability of the test to correctly detect those who do not have the disease, ie., 'true negatives' ,

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Anatomical planes: coronal, horizontal, sagittal

Submitted by sayedclt on Thu, 26/02/2009 - 17:59
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Coronal: A classic painting of a saint will have a corona radiating around his head. [image:680 align=right size=300w] 

The plane of the canvas will be cutting his head in the coronal plane. The coronal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior portions.  

[image:679 align=right size=300w]

 Sagittal plane is the remaining one by default and it divides the human body into right and left portions.

 

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Hepatitis viruses: Families

Submitted by sush on Wed, 11/02/2009 - 02:55
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'Physically Handicapped Friend Danced Happily'

  • Hepatitis A  : Picornavirus
  • Hepatitis B  : Hepadnavirus
  • Hepatitis C : Flavivirus
  • Hepatitis D : Delta virus
  • Hepatitis E : Hepevirus

 

Hepatitis E virus is a hepevirus. It is not a calicivirus.
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